from dataclasses import dataclass
@dataclass
class AnimalClass :
    name: str
    habitat: str
    teeth: int = 0

snowman = AnimalClass('yeti', 'Himalayas', 46)
duck = AnimalClass(habitat='lake', name='duck')
print(snowman)   # AnimalClass(name='yeti', habitat='Himalayas', teeth=46)
AnimalClass(name='yeti', habitat='Himalayas', teeth=46)
print(duck)      # AnimalClass(name='duck', habitat='lake', teeth=0)
AnimalClass(name='duck', habitat='lake', teeth=0)

from collections import namedtuple
Duck = namedtuple('Duck', 'bill tail')
duck = Duck('wide orange', 'long')
print(duck    )
print(duck.bill)
parts = {'bill': 'wide orange', 'tail': 'long'}
duck2 = Duck(**parts)
print(duck2)
duck3 = duck2._replace(tail='magnificent', bill='crushing')
print(duck3)

import math
import collections

Point2D = collections.namedtuple('Point2D', ['x', 'y'])  # namedtuple로 점 표현

p1 = Point2D(x=30, y=20)  # 점1
p2 = Point2D(x=60, y=50)  # 점2

a = p1.x - p2.x  # 선 a의 길이
b = p1.y - p2.y  # 선 b의 길이

c = math.sqrt((a * a) + (b * b))
print(c)  # 42.42640687119285

periodic_table = {'Hydrogen': 1, 'Helium': 2}
periodic_table.setdefault('Carbon', 12)       # 키 미존재 시 추가
print(periodic_table)                               # {'Hydrogen': 1, 'Helium': 2, 'Carbon': 12}
periodic_table.setdefault('Carbon', 33)       # 키 존재 시 미 변경
print(periodic_table)                               # {'Hydrogen': 1, 'Helium': 2, 'Carbon': 12}

from collections import defaultdict
periodic_table = defaultdict(int) # 정의 : defaultdict(함수명)
print(periodic_table)             # defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {})
periodic_table['Hydrogen'] = 1
periodic_table['Lead']
print(periodic_table)             # defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'Hydrogen': 1, 'Lead': 0})


# 함수 정의하여 기본값 생성 - 주로 람다함수 이용
def no_idea():
    return 'no_data'
dic = defaultdict(no_idea)
dic['A']=125
dic['B']=200
print(dic['C'])     # no_data

food_counter = defaultdict(int)
for food in ['spam', 'spam', 'eggs', 'spam']:
    food_counter[food] += 1

print(food_counter)  # defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'spam': 3, 'eggs': 1})

# 항목 세기
from collections import Counter
breakfast = ['spam', 'spam', 'eggs', 'spam']
breakfast_counter = Counter(breakfast)
print(breakfast_counter)  # Counter({'spam': 3, 'eggs': 1})

print(breakfast_counter.most_common())  # [('spam', 3), ('eggs', 1)] - 내림차순 정렬
print(breakfast_counter.most_common(1))  # [('spam', 3)] - 가장 많은 요소

# 리스트를 집합화하여 연산 가능
lunch = ['eggs', 'eggs', 'bacon']
lunch_counter = Counter(lunch)
print(lunch_counter) # Counter({'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 1})

result1 = breakfast_counter + lunch_counter # 뺄셈도 가능
print(result1)  # Counter({'spam': 3, 'eggs': 3, 'bacon': 1})

result2 = breakfast_counter & lunch_counter
print(result2)  # Counter({'eggs': 1})

# dict 순서 유지  - 3.7이후 버전은 기본
from collections import OrderedDict
quotes = {
'Moe': 'A wise guy, huh?',
'Larry': 'Ow!',
'Curly': 'Nyuk nyuk!',
}
for stooge in quotes:
    print (stooge)


quotes = OrderedDict([
('Moe', 'A wise guy, huh?'),
('Larry', 'Ow!'),
('Curly', 'Nyuk nyuk!'),
])

print(
    quotes
)  # OrderedDict([('Moe', 'A wise guy, huh?'), ('Larry', 'Ow!'), ('Curly', 'Nyuk nyuk!')])

for stooge in quotes:
    print (stooge)
'''
Moe
Larry
Curly
'''

from collections import deque    # collections 모듈에서 deque를 가져옴
a = deque([10, 20, 30])
print(a) # deque([10, 20, 30])
a.append(500)    # 덱의 오른쪽에 500 추가
print(a)         # deque([10, 20, 30, 500])
a.popleft()      # 덱의 왼쪽 요소 하나 삭제
print(a)         # deque([20, 30, 500])

from collections import deque
def palindrome(word):
    dq = deque(word)
    while len(dq) > 1:
        if dq.popleft() != dq.pop():
            return False
    return True

result = palindrome('a'), palindrome('racecar'),palindrome(''),palindrome('radar'),palindrome('halibut')
print(result)  # (True, True, True, True, False)

def another_palindrome(word):
    return word == word[::-1]
result = another_palindrome('radar'), another_palindrome('halibut')
print(result)  # (True, False)